Valentina Šoštarčić, Maja Šćepanović
Glasilo Future Volumen 8 broj 3 prosinac 2025. / Gazette Future Volume 8 number 3 December 2025
Objavljeno 28. prosinca 2025. godine. / Published on Dec 28, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.32779/gf.8.3.5
ISSN 2623-6575 (Online)
UDK 63
Glasilo_Future_Volumen_8_broj_3_prosinac_2025.pdf
Pregledni rad (scientific review)
Naslov/Title
Biologija i ekologija obične dikice Xanthium strumarium L.
Biology and Ecology of the Common Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L.
Str./Pp. 80–92
Autori(ce)/Authors
Valentina Šoštarčić, Maja Šćepanović
Sažetak
Obična dikica (Xanthium strumarium L.) jednogodišnja je biljka iz porodice Asteraceae, široko rasprostranjena diljem svijeta. Iako joj točno podrijetlo nije poznato, smatra se da potječe iz Sjeverne Amerike ili Mediterana. Danas je prisutna u Europi, Aziji, Africi i Americi, a zbog svoje prilagodljivosti postala je značajan poljoprivredni korov. Obična dikica raste na zapuštenim terenima, željezničkim prugama i uz ceste, ali najveće štete uzrokuje u poljoprivredi. Zakorovljuje usjeve kukuruza, soje, pamuka, suncokreta i drugih kultura, smanjujući prinose i do 80 %. Značajne probleme pričinjava u stočarstvu jer njeni plodovi snižavaju vrijednost ovčje vune, a sjemenke sadrže karboksiatraktilozid, koji može biti smrtonosan za stoku. Osim toga, može izazvati alergijske reakcije kod ljudi i ima alelopatski učinak na druge biljke. Morfološki, obična dikica ima razgranatu stabljiku visine 0,2 – 1,5 m, mesnate kotiledone i trokutasto-jajolike listove. Cvjetovi su mali i neugledni, dok je plod roška prekriven bodljama, što omogućuje lako prianjanje za životinje i odjeću. Unutar ploda nalaze se dvije sjemenke – jedna odmah klija, dok je druga dormantna, što doprinosi dugotrajnom opstanku vrste u tlu. Biljka se razmnožava isključivo generativno, šireći se sjemenom putem vode, životinja i ljudi. Njeno klijanje i rast ovise o temperaturi tla i zraka, pri čemu optimalna temperatura za klijanje iznosi 20 – 24°C. Zbog svoje invazivnosti i štetnog djelovanja, obična dikica predstavlja ozbiljan problem u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji.
Ključne riječi: karboksiatraktilozid, korov, obična dikica, sitni čičak.
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium L. (common cocklebur) is an annual plant from the Asteraceae family, widely distributed around the world. Although its exact origin is not known, it is believed to have originated from North America or the Mediterranean. Today, it is present in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, and due to its adaptability, it has become a significant agricultural weed. Common cocklebur grows in abandoned fields, along railways, and roadsides, but it causes the most damage in agriculture. It invades crops such as corn, soybeans, cotton, sunflowers, and others, reducing yields by up to 80%. It is also problematic in livestock farming because its fruits decrease the value of sheep wool, and its seeds contain carboxyatractyloside, which can be lethal to livestock. Furthermore, it can cause allergic reactions in humans and has an allelopathic effect on other plants. Morphologically, X. strumarium has a branched stem that grows to a height of 0.2 – 1.5 m, fleshy seedlings, and triangular-ovate leaves. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, while the fruit is achene covered in spines, which facilitates attachment to animals and clothing. Inside the fruit, there are two seeds – one germinates immediately, while the other remains dormant, contributing to the species' long-term survival in the soil. The plant reproduces exclusively through seeds, spreading via water, animals, and humans. Its germination and growth depend on the soil and air temperature, with the optimal temperature for germination ranging from 20 to 24°C. Due to its invasiveness and harmful effects, the common cocklebur poses a serious problem in agricultural production.
Key words: carboxyatractyloside, common cocklebur, rough cocklebur, weed.
Preuzimanje/Download
Citiranje/Citation
Šoštarčić, V., Šćepanović, M. (2025). Biologija i ekologija obične dikice Xanthium strumarium L.. Glasilo Future, 8(3), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.32779/gf.8.3.5
/
Šoštarčić, V., Šćepanović, M. (2025). Biology and Ecology of the Common Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L.. Glasilo Future, 8(3), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.32779/gf.8.3.5